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印发《株洲市城市公园管理办法》的通知

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印发《株洲市城市公园管理办法》的通知

湖南省株洲市人民政府


关于印发《株洲市城市公园管理办法》的通知 株政发〔2006〕31号



各县市区人民政府,市政府有关局委办和直属机构,各有关企事业单位:
《株洲市城市公园管理办法》已经市十二届人民政府第39次常务会议审议通过,现印发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。


二○○六年九月二十三日
株洲市城市公园管理办法

第一条为加强本市公园的规划、建设、保护和管理,促进公园事业的发展,提高公园服务水平,维护公共秩序,更好地为市民提供整洁、优美、舒适的游园环境,根据《中华人民共和国城市规划法》和《城市绿化条例》等有关法律法规规章,结合本市实际,制定本办法。
第二条本办法所称的公园是公益性的城市基础设施,是改善区域性生态环境的公园绿地,是供公众游览、休憩、观赏的场所。
第三条本办法适用于本市城区范围内已建成和在建的综合性公园、专类公园、历史文化名园等以及规划确定的公园建设用地。
第四条株洲市园林绿化行政主管部门是本市公园行政主管部门,负责全市公园日常管理和监督工作。规划、建设、国土、物价、环境保护、工商、农林、水利、公安、劳动、文物等有关行政管理部门应按照各自职责,与市园林绿化行政主管部门共同做好全市各类公园的管理工作。
第五条市、区人民政府应当把公园建设纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,投资兴办公园。
鼓励、支持境内外的企业事业单位、团体组织及个人投资兴办公园。
第六条本市公园建设发展规划和计划,由市园林绿化行政主管部门根据城市总体规划和城市绿地系统规划会同有关部门组织编制,经规划等部门综合平衡并报市人民政府批准后实施。市园林绿化行政主管部门应会同城市规划局、国土资源局划定公园建设规划预留用地红线,经市人民政府批准后,予以控制性保护。
任何单位和个人不得擅自改变公园发展规划。确需改变的,应当按规定的程序报市人民政府批准。
第七条市园林绿化行政主管部门应指导编制各个公园规划方案,确定其特点、规模、布局和发展方向,划定用地范围和保护范围,报市人民政府批准。
第八条在公园保护范围内新建建筑物的,应当在建筑物的高度、色彩、体量上符合规划要求。
第九条公园新建、改建、扩建项目设计,施工单位的资质条件、批准程序和竣工验收,按照有关法律、法规办理。
公园内的亭、廊、榭、雕塑等园林建筑小品建设和绿化设计方案,由市园林绿化行政主管部门审批;其他建设项目及项目设计方案,经市园林绿化行政主管部门同意后,报规划等有关部门审批;古典公园的修复、设计方案,须经市园林绿化行政主管部门审查同意后,报省建设行政主管部门批准。
第十条公园园林绿化项目的设计、施工单位必须具有三级以上的资质。
第十一条任何单位和个人不得擅自改变公园绿化用地用途和占用公园绿地。
确因城市建设需要占用公园绿地的,必须经市园林绿化行政主管部门和有关部门同意后,报市人民政府批准。
占用公园绿地的,应当补偿重建公园绿地土地和费用;临时占用公园绿地的,必须报市园林绿化行政主管部门同意,按规定办理临时占用手续,占用期满后予以恢复原状。
第十二条公园内供游览、休息用的建筑物和设施,由公园管理单位负责维护和管理,不得擅自改变用途。
第十三条公园内树木的砍伐、移植和大修剪必须报市园林行政主管部门审核批准,并办理相关手续。
第十四条公园管理单位应当依照有关法律、法规对公园内的古树名木、文物古迹和近代优秀建筑物进行严格保护。
第十五条任何单位和个人都应遵守公园规章,不得向公园内排放烟尘、有害气体、倾倒废弃物,不得向公园内水体排放污水。
第十六条公园保护范围内新建、改建、扩建的建筑物、构筑物,其高度、体量、色调、风格以及公园的距离应当与公园环境景观相协调。
第十七条公园管理单位应当建立健全安全卫生管理制度,加强公园内展览和游乐活动的安全管理,按规定设置游客须知、警示标志、安全保障和环境卫生设施。
第十八条公园管理单位设置涉及人身安全的游艺、游乐、康乐设施,购置前必须向市园林绿化行政主管部门申报。安装竣工后,报经市园林绿化行政主管部门和市技术监督局等部门验收合格后方可使用,并按规定定期检测、维修和保养。
游艺、游乐、康乐设施操作人员,应当经有关部门培训合格后,持证上岗。
第十九条公园内的机动车及特种设备应当按规定进行定期检测;公园内供游览、娱乐、救生用的各种船艇必须按规定办理有关手续后,方可投入营运。
第二十条公园管理单位应当做好防火、防风、防雪、防汛、防山体滑坡等预察工作。
第二十一条公园内的餐饮、食品销售等服务点,应当做到贸易计量准确,食品、食具卫生,禁止销售不合格、伪劣、失效、变质食品。
第二十二条公园的门票价格由物价部门确定。开放性公园,未经市人民政府批准,不得收费。
第二十三条在公园内从事商业、文化娱乐等经营活动,以及设置游艺、康乐和服务设施,应当服从公园规划布局,与公园景观相协调。在公园内举办展览、表演等游乐活动和设立经营摊点的,应当经市园林绿化行政主管部门同意,持营业执照,在公园管理单位指定的地点经营。经营者必须遵守公园管理规定。
第二十四条在公园内设置广告必须经市园林绿化行政主管部门同意,并按规定办理有关手续。
第二十五条游客应当文明游园,爱护公园绿化和公园设施,遵守公园秩序和社会公德。游客游园禁止以下行为:
(一)妨害公共场所治安;
(二)损害公园环境卫生;
(三)损毁树木花草和公园设施;
(四)在禁止游泳的水域游泳;
(五)伤害动物,擅自垂钓;
(六)翻越围墙、擅自驾(骑)车进入公园;
(七)擅自营火、宿营;
(八)法律、法规禁止的其他行为。
第二十六条违反本办法规定,依照国务院《城市绿化条例》、《湖南省实施<城市绿化条例>办法》的有关规定,责令停止侵害,限期改正,可以并处罚款,造成损失的,应当负赔偿责任;应当给予治安管理处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》的有关规定处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第二十七条当事人对行政处罚不服的,可以依法申请复议或者直接向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议或者不向人民法院起诉,又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十八条有关管理部门及其工作人员违反本办法,玩忽职守,滥用职权,徇私舞弊,导致公园遭到破坏的,由所在单位或上级主管部门给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第二十九条市辖县(市)的公园管理参照本办法执行。
第三十条本办法自二○○六年十月一日起施行。


浅谈独立行使检察权的保障机制

重庆市黔江区人民检察院 杨宗福

独立行使检察权是指检察机关独立于其他机关、团体和个人,检察机关及其检察官在行使检察权时,只服从法律,不受任何其他机关、团体和个人的干涉。检察机关独立行使检察权有明确的法律依据,宪法第131条、刑事诉讼法第5条都做了相应的规定。但在现实中,独立行使检察权并没有得到有效的保障,不同程度地影响了检察机关维护公平正义的形象。本文拟从独立行使检察权的内涵、阻碍及原因、保障机制等方面进行浅显的探究,以期对正在进行的检察改革有所裨益。
■当前独立行使检察权的内涵
由于国家制度、政治体制和检察制度等各个方面的原因,我们所说的当前我国的独立行使检察权,只能是一种特殊样式的检察独立。具体表现为:
是业务独立而非政治独立。我国宪法和法律并未肯定检察院在国家基本权力结构中的独立。因为我们国家结构形式上,实行的是人大监督下的“一府两院”制。检察院相对于立法机关并非相互制衡的分权关系而系下位对上位的关系。检察官法律职务由人大任免,检察院向人大报告工作并接受其监督。在实质的权力关系上,所有国家机关必须接受中国共产党的领导,检察院与检察工作也不例外。虽然党的领导方式受到一定的限制,但检察院并不享有政治结构上即国家权力关系上的独立,这应无疑义。宪法和法律只是肯定了检察院在行使其职权时某种独立性,实际就是行使检察权过程中的业务性独立。这突出显示了我国检察院独立行使检察权的基本样态。
是检察院独立而非检察官独立。独立行使检察权应当包含检察院的独立和检察官的相对独立。尽管我们推行了主诉(主办)检察官制度,但是主诉(主办)检察官在行使职权过程中其权力也是有限的,也不能说是完全独立办案。因为在我国当今情况下,这在根本上由大的体制背景所决定,而且与检察官总体素质不高、对社会责任的承担能力较弱等状况相适应。
是有限独立而非充分独立。即使就业务性而言,这种独立也是有限的。这种有限性主要是因为,业务独立对政治独立存在一种依存关系,如果没有国家体制上的独立性,在检察权行使过程中也很难完全避免非程序化的干预。因为对检察院具有上位关系的权力实体可能利用直接指导、人事任免、经费控制等权力来通过检察院贯彻其意志。虽然这些权力实体可以自我抑制不一定是始终有效的,尤其在那些重大、敏感的刑事案件中。除了这种具有根本意义的体制性制约,我国当前的独立行使检察权还受到其他如检察体制障碍、经费保障不足且财政供应体制不顺、检察官资质与身份保障不够等多方面的限制,从而造成其独立行使检察权的程度十分有限。
■独立行使检察权的阻碍及原因
现实表明,影响独立行使检察权的现象还依然存在,检察院依法独立行使职权还有一定的阻力和障碍。主要表现在:
行政以权压法、干扰检察。不少地方行政首脑把检察院视为自己所属的一个部门,有的打着党委(政法委) 、政府的旗号,公然非法无理地干涉检察活动,运用手中的权力对检察院施加压力,甚至将自己凌驾于法律和检察院之上,强迫检察院按自己的意志办案,从而造成不公正的法律后果。
有关部门以监督为名,行干预之实。人民检察院接受国家权力机关的监督无可厚非,但是,有的领导个人以监督为名,肆意干预,甚至操纵检察院办案,要求检察院在办案过程中“言听计从”,采取具体的事前、事中干预,使检察院无所适从。
地方保护主义横行,严重扰乱了检察权的独立行使。某些机关和行政主管部门,对检察院进行无理控制和干涉,要求检察院为当地的利益服务,否则就指责检察院,或者在人财物等方面进行刁难,卡检察院的脖子,致使检察院独立行使检察权十分困难。
检察院办案等经费严重不足,难以独立行使检察权。目前西部地区财政普遍吃紧,这些地方的检察院尤其是基层检察院的办案经费严重不足,物质技术装备十分落后,有的检察院连起码的工作生活条件难以保障。极个别检察院不能正确对待这类困难,搞利益驱动,提高办案“积极性”, 抢办经济案件;有的办案人员到发案单位吃、住、行,甚至拉赞助,报销开支。等等,不一而足。其结果是使得检察院不能理直气壮地秉公执法,从而严重损害了检察院的执法形象。
产生上述障碍的原因十分复杂,究其要者:一是法制不完善。独立行使检察权虽然已被确认为宪法原则,但是缺乏具体的法律制度保证实施。二是监督机制不健全。各级人大及其常委会对检察院的监督,宪法和有关组织法只有原则规定,但其监督方法、具体措施、操作手段、违法后果仍不明确,对监督也缺乏应有界线。在这种情况下,独立与监督之间必然发生种种冲突和不协调。三是体制不合理。现行检察院体制方面的问题较多,最根本的是检察院在国家政治体制中的法律地位至今尚不明晰。尽管宪法确认了“一府两院”的原则地位,但并未真正落实,事实上检察院的地位取决于当地主要领导对法律的认识和检察院检察长的资历和威信。有的地方党委、地方政府甚至把检察院当作自己所属的一个部门,其检察活动也就不得不受制于各个方面。四是没有足够的物质和社会保障。现行的检察院经费管理体制基本上沿袭多年来计划经济体制下的管理方式和标准,以致许多地方检察院办案缺乏经费,案件不能及时办结;出差无充足的交通工具和防卫手段,案卷材料和检察官人身安全经常受到威胁,在住房、子女入学和就业等方面检察官还有许多后顾之忧,这使得检察院还没有足够的力量来抵制外部的干扰以有效地实施独立行使检察权。五是检察官素质偏低,缺乏独立行使检察权的能力和水平。检察院自身也有少数检察人员在人情、权力关系的压力和物质利益的诱惑下,徇私枉法,加之个别地方检察院思想政治教育和专业培训工作跟不上,检察官的政治素质和业务素质也影响了独立行使检察权。
■独立行使检察权的保障机制
党的十六大提出“从制度上保证审判机关和检察机关依法独立公正地行使审判权和检察权”,那么,检察机关如何才能独立行使检察权呢?用什么机制来作保障?笔者以为可从以下方面考虑:
改革党对检察工作的领导方式。坚持党对检察工作的领导是社会主义国家不可动摇的基本原则,也是社会主义检察制度的一大特色。然而,如何加强和改善党对检察机关的领导,应当结合检察机关的特点进行研究和探讨。党对检察工作的领导应该主要是政治领导。要坚持党对检察机关的政治领导,就必须结合检察工作的特点,探索党对检察机关的领导体制。党必须在宪法和法律的范围内活动,这既是国家的宪法原则,也是党的组织和活动原则。宪法和法律已经把检察权授予给人民检察院,党的各级组织就不应当突破宪法和法律的规定直接插手具体的办案活动,影响具体案件的处理。如果党委或政法委直接领导和监督具体案件的办理过程,不仅打破了公检法三机关之间的分工制约关系,而且实际上使公检法三机关成为党组织的一个部门。这样,党组织包办代替检察工作就在所难免了。鉴于此,是否可以考虑把党对检察工作的领导法制化,国家最高权力机关将党中央关于加强对检察工作领导的基本方针、政策上升为法律。一是明确规定地方各级党委领导检察工作的职责及其权限。二是明令禁止“以言代法,以权压法”和其他违法干预检察的行为,以及发生这种行为并造成一定后果应承担的法律责任。三是在坚持党“必须以宪法为根本活动准则”和“党必须在宪法和法律范围内活动”的根本原则的前提下,党委或政法委对有影响的重大案件可以提出意见,但不应作出决定,究竟如何处理,由检察院按法定程序办理;党委常委会成员、特别是政法委书记,分管政法的副书记以至书记,都不应对个案的处理作“指示”,以避免个人意志在无形中给检察人员形成压力;地方党委在领导检察工作中,遇有政策与法律不一致的问题时,应无条件服从法律,不能以“因地制宜,结合实际”为由而否定国家统一的法律;作为党委办事机构的政法委员会,不应成为高居于检察机关之上的一个领导机关,而对案件的处理发号施令。四是明确规定人民检察院抵制各种违法干预办案的权利、职责、办法、措施及其程序。
为此,笔者建议:最高人民检察院成立党的工作委员会领导全国检察院的工作,直接对中央负责。地方各级人民检察院改党组为党委,上级检察院党委领导下级检察院党委,使党对检察机关的领导系统化,以保障党的政治领导。这不失为改善和加强党对检察工作的领导的最佳途径。首先,它可以在一定程度上克服地方保护主义和各级党委或政法委对具体案件的诉讼活动的干涉,避免某些地方党委以人事任免权为后盾,直接操纵地方检察院,干涉检察工作的正常秩序。同时,完全可以保持党对检察工作的政治领导。其次,它有利于保持和提高检察机关的领导干部的专业素质和道德素质,避免从党务、行政、军队甚至企业调入一些没有专业资历的干部任检察机关的重要领导职务。再次,它有利于根据“干部管理专业化”的原则,彻底打破行政干部的管理模式,创新和改革检察人事制度,真正发挥考评与任免机制对检察队伍的筛选与引导职能,从而保持和提高检察官的专业素质和道德素质。
改革人大监督机制。当前各级人大对检察机关的监督,主要是依照法定程序任免检察机关的检察员、检察委员会委员、副检察长、检察长,听取和审议检察院工作报告,对检察院的执法情况进行专项执法检查,视察检察院工作等。这些监督措施,应当说发挥了督促检察机关严格依法办案的积极作用。但是,人大对个案的监督、个别人大代表干预检察院办案等,在一定程度上给检察院独立行使检察权带来了阻碍。为此,笔者建议全国人大常委会尽快出台法律,以规范各级人大对检察机关的监督程序,使其监督更加合理化和有力度,发挥其应有的积极的作用。
改革检察人事管理体制。按照我国现行的检察人员管理体制,检察官通常是由本级党委组织部门推荐考察,由本级人大选举或者本级人大常委会任命的,上级检察机关虽然也可以参与一定的意见,但是实际上最终还是由地方党委说了算。鉴于此,笔者认为,应将检察机关人事管理权限交给上级检察机关,由上级检察机关为主进行考察、推荐,按照法定程序选举、任命。为体现党管干部的原则,地方党委也可以向上级检察机关建议人选,或者协助上级检察机关进行考察,但是最终确定人选的权力应掌握在上级检察机关党委的手中。
改革检察财政管理体制。保证检察机关足够的经费和物质条件,是独立行使检察权的必不可少的重要保障。目前我国实行的是中央财政与地方财政分灶吃饭的财政体制,地方各级检察院的经费,列支于地方各级政府的财政。地方经济状况好的,该地检察院的业务、办案经费就较充足,检察人员的工资福利待遇就好。反之亦然,有的连工资都没有保障,就不谈福利待遇了。这势必导致受利益驱动办案,导致司法不公。还有,由于检察院的经济命脉掌握在当地政府财政部门手中,开展检察工作中如遇到行政部门干预,很难挺起腰杆进行有效抵制。我们应当认识到,检察院执的是国家的法,无论其等级高低,都是国家的而非地方的检察院。所以要改革检察机关经费管理体制,可以考虑由中央财政统一列支检察经费,由中央财政拨付最高人民检察院,用于全国检察院的业务和工资福利等开支。
改革检察人员职务保障机制。要真正实现独立行使检察权,必须改革检察官的职务保障机制,使得检察人员不至于因为依法办案、抵制法外干预而受到打击报复,也不至于因为生活拮据而易为非法利益所驱动。我国检察官法虽然对检察人员的职务保障作了原则性规定,但是由于规定得不够具体、全面,特别是缺乏严密的程序,在实践中往往起不到应有的保障作用。比如法律规定,检察官工资由国家专门规定,而检察官法颁布近十年了,国家至今也没有就此作出规定,检察官实际上与一般公务员执行的工资标准一样。为此,笔者以为,首要的是通过修改检察官法,将检察官的惩戒、辞退等条件和程序予以细化和合理化,并规定有效的救济程序。同时要在统一司法考试、推进检察职业专业化、精英化的进程中,有步骤地提高检察官的薪金和福利待遇,逐步实现高薪养廉,提高独立行使检察权的水平。
当然,要真正实现独立行使检察权,以上保障措施远远不够,还需要其他的配套措施。司法独立的程度表征着一个国家的法治化水平和现代化程度,在这个意义上,独立行使检察权是中国实现法治和现代化的关键之一。而独立行使检察权是法治的基石之一,那么独立行使检察权在中国的命运,将直接决定着法治中国的命运。


LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE PROCEDURE OF THECONCLUSION OF TREATIES ——附加英文版

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress


LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE PROCEDURE OF THECONCLUSION OF TREATIES

(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Seventh National People's Congress on December 28, 1990, promulgated by
Order No. 37 of the President of the People's Republic of China on
December 28, 1990, and effective as of the same date)

Article 1
The present Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 2
This Law shall be applicable to bilateral or multilateral treaties and
agreements and other instruments of the nature of a treaty or agreement
concluded between the People's Republic of China and foreign states.
Article 3
The State Council, that is, the Central People's Government, of the
People's Republic of China shall conclude treaties and agreements with
foreign states.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's
Republic of China shall decide on the ratification and abrogation of
treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states.
The President of the People's Republic of China shall, in accordance with
decisions of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,
ratify and abrogate treaties and important agreements concluded with
foreign states.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China shall,
under the leadership of the State Council, administer the specific affairs
concerning the conclusion of treaties and agreements with foreign states.
Article 4
The People's Republic of China shall conclude treaties and agreements with
other states in the name of:
(1) the People's Republic of China;
(2) the Government of the People's Republic of China;
(3) the governmental departments of the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
The decision to negotiate and sign treaties and agreements shall be made
according to the following procedures:
(1) in the case of a treaty or agreement to be negotiated and signed in
the name of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in conjunction
with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall make a recommendation and draw
up a draft treaty or agreement of the Chinese side and submit it to the
State Council for examination and decision;
(2) in the case of a treaty or agreement to be negotiated and signed in
the name of the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council
shall make a recommendation and draw up a draft treaty or agreement of the
Chinese side and, after consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
submit it to the State Council for examination and decision. In the case
of an agreement concerning a specific line of business, its Chinese draft
shall, with the consent of the State Council, be examined and decided upon
by the department concerned under the State Council or when necessary in
consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
(3) agreements to be negotiated and signed in the name of a governmental
department of the People's Republic of China concerning matters within the
scope of functions and powers of the department concerned shall be decided
upon by the department itself or after consultation with the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs. In the case of an agreement relating to matters of major
importance or matters falling within the functions and powers of other
departments under the State Council, the department concerned shall submit
it by itself or after consultation with the other departments concerned
under the State Council, to the State Council for decision. The draft
agreement of the Chinese side shall be examined and decided upon by the
department concerned or when necessary in consultation with the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs.
When major modification in the Chinese draft of a treaty or agreement
already examined and decided upon by the State Council are necessary as a
result of negotiation, the revised draft shall be submitted to the State
Council for examination and decision.
Article 6
Representatives for negotiating and signing treaties or agreements shall
be appointed according to the following procedures:
(1) In the case of a treaty or agreement to be concluded in the name of
the People's Republic of China or the Government of the People's Republic
of China, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned
under the State Council shall submit a report to the State Council for the
appointment of a representative. The full powers of the representative
shall be signed by the Premier of the State Council, but may also be
signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
(2) In the case of an agreement to be concluded in the name of a
governmental department of the People's Republic of China, a
representative shall be appointed by the head of the department concerned.
The letter of authorization for the representative shall be signed by the
head of the department. Where the head of a department signs an agreement
concluded in the name of the governmental department, and where the
contracting parties agree that it is necessary for the head of the
department to produce full powers, the full powers shall be signed by the
Premier of the State Council, but may also be signed by the Minister of
Foreign Affairs.
The following persons shall dispense with full powers for negotiating and
signing treaties and agreements:
(1) the Premier of the State Council, the Minister of Foreign Affairs;
(2) the head of a diplomatic mission of the People's Republic of China who
negotiates and signs treaties and agreements concluded between China and
the state to which he is accredited, unless it is otherwise agreed by the
contracting parties;
(3) the head of a governmental department of the People's Republic of
China who negotiates and signs the agreements concluded in the name of his
department, unless it is otherwise agreed by the contracting parties;
(4) the person, dispatched to an international conference or accredited to
an international organization by the People's Republic of China, who is at
the same time the representative for negotiating treaties or agreements in
that conference or organization, unless it is otherwise agreed by the
conference or otherwise provided for in the constitution of the
organization.
Article 7
The ratification of treaties and important agreements shall be decided
upon by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
The treaties and important agreements referred to in the preceding
paragraph are as follows:
(1) treaties of friendship and cooperation, treaties of peace and similar
treaties of a political nature;
(2) treaties and agreements relating to territory and delimitation of
boundary lines;
(3) treaties and agreements relating to judicial assistance and
extradition;
(4) treaties and agreements which contain stipulations inconsistent with
the laws of the People's Republic of China;
(5) treaties and agreements which are subject to ratification as agreed by
the contracting parties; and
(6) other treaties and agreements subject to ratification.
After the signing of a treaty or an important agreement, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in
conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall submit it to the
State Council for examination and verification; the State Council shall
then refer it to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
for decision on ratification; the President of the People's Republic of
China shall ratify it in accordance with the decision of the Standing
Committee of the National People's Congress.
After the ratification of a bilateral treaty or an important bilateral
agreement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall execute the formalities
for the exchange of the instruments of ratification with the other
contracting party. After the ratification of a multilateral treaty or an
important multilateral agreement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall
execute the formalities for the deposit of the instrument of ratification
with the depositary state or international organization. The instrument of
ratification shall be signed by the President of the People's Republic of
China and countersigned by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Article 8
After the signing of the agreements and other instruments of the nature of
a treaty which do not fall under paragraph 2, Article 7 of this Law and
which are subject to approval as prescribed by the State Council or as
agreed by the contracting parties, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the
departments concerned under the State Council in conjunction with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall submit them to the State Council for
approval. After the approval of agreements and other instruments of the
nature of a treaty, in the case of a bilateral one, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs shall execute the formalities for the exchange of the
instruments of approval with the other contracting party or for mutual
notification of the approval by diplomatic notes. In the case of a
multilateral one, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall execute the
formalities for the deposit of the instrument of approval with the
depositary state or international organization concerned. The instrument
of approval shall be signed by the Premier of the State Council, but may
also be signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Article 9
After the signing of the agreements which need no decision on ratification
by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or approval by
the State Council, the agreements shall be submitted by the departments
concerned under the State Council to the State Council for the record,
except those agreements concluded in the name of the governmental
departments of the People's Republic of China which are to be submitted by
these departments to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for registration.
Article 10
If the two contracting parties need to go through different domestic legal
procedures for the entry into force of the same treaty or agreement, the
said treaty or agreement shall enter into force after the accomplishment
by the two parties of their respective legal procedures and the mutual
notification by diplomatic notes.
After the signing of the treaties and agreements listed in the preceding
paragraph, the formalities of ratification, approval, entry on the record
or registration shall be executed as the case requires in accordance with
Articles 7, 8 or 9 of this Law. The formalities of notification by note
shall be completed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Article 11
The decision to accede to multilateral treaties or agreements shall be
made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or the
State Council as the case requires. The procedures for acceding to
multilateral treaties and agreements shall be as follows:
(1) to accede to a multilateral treaty or an important multilateral
agreement listed in Paragraph 2, Article 7 of this Law, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in
conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall make a
recommendation after examination and submit it to the State Council for
examination and verification; the State Council shall then refer it to the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for decision on
accession. The instrument of accession shall be signed by the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, and the specific formalities executed by the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs;
(2) to accede to a multilateral treaty or agreement other than those
listed in Paragraph 2, Article 7 of this Law, the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in conjunction
with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall make a recommendation after
examination and submit it to the State Council for decision on accession.
The instrument of accession shall be signed by the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, and the specific formalities executed by the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs.
Article 12
The decision to accept a multilateral treaty or an agreement shall be made
by the State Council.
In the case of a multilateral treaty or agreement containing clauses of
acceptance which is signed by the Chinese representative or does not
require any signature, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department
concerned under the State Council in conjunction with the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs shall make a recommendation after examination and submit
it to the State Council for decision on acceptance. The instrument of
acceptance shall be signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the
specific formalities executed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Article 13
A bilateral treaty or agreement concluded by the People's Republic of
China with a foreign state shall be done in the Chinese language and the
official language of the other contracting party, both texts being equally
authentic. When necessary, a text in the language of a third state agreed
upon by the two contracting parties may be executed in addition as a
third, equally authentic, official text or an unofficial text for
reference. It may be stipulated by agreement of the two contracting
parties that the third text shall prevail in case of divergence of
interpretation of the treaty or agreement.
For agreements on specific lines of business and treaties and agreements
concluded with international organizations, a single language fairly
commonly used internationally may also be used by agreement of the two
contracting parties or in accordance with the provisions of the
constitutions of the international organizations concerned.
Article 14
Signed originals of bilateral treaties and agreements concluded in the
name of the People's Republic of China or the Government of the People's
Republic of China and copies of multilateral treaties and agreements
certified as true by the depositary states or international organizations
concerned shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Signed
originals of bilateral agreements concluded in the name of the
governmental departments of the People's Republic of China shall be
deposited with these departments.
Article 15
A treaty or an important agreement of which the Standing Committee of the
National People's Congress has decided on ratification or accession shall
be published in the bulletin of the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress. The measures for publishing other treaties and
agreements shall be made by the State Council.
Article 16
Treaties and agreements concluded by the People's Republic of China shall
be compiled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs into a collection of the
Treaties of the People's Republic of China.
Article 17
Treaties and agreements concluded by the People's Republic of China shall
be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations by the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs in accordance with the relevant provisions of the
United Nations Charter. Treaties and agreements concluded by the People's
Republic of China that require registration with other international
organizations shall be registered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or
the departments concerned under the State Council in accordance with the
respective constitutions of the international organizations.
Article 18
The procedures for the conclusion of a treaty or an agreement with an
international organization by the People's Republic of China shall follow
this Law and the constitution of the relevant international organization.
Article 19
The procedures for amendment to, abrogation of and withdrawal from
treaties and agreements concluded by the People's Republic of China shall
follow mutatis mutandis the procedures for the conclusion of the treaties
and agreements in question.
Article 20
The State Council may make regulations in accordance with this Law for its
implementation.
Article 21
This Law shall enter into force as of the date of promulgation.


Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.